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Nonprofit organizations play a substantial role in the formulation and delivery of public services. This concentration introduces students to a variety of general management practices used in the nonprofit sector: defining organizational missions; building effective governance structures; acquiring resources; maintaining high standards of fiscal, legal, and professional accountability; managing human resources; and thinking strategically. More broadly, this concentration educates you in the many administrative challenges faced by small community-based or large professionalized organizations in today's "networked economy," where organizations increasingly interact, compete, and collaborate with other service providers, policymakers, and regulators.

Global Governance and Management provides a comparative perspective on how policies are made and services are delivered in non-猫咪社区app contexts. With a specific focus on low and medium income countries, the concentration helps students understand the nature of management responsibilities that bridge different cultures, focusing on how public and nonprofit organizations interact to identify, understand, and address problems within or across different national contexts. The courses provide the students with the management and analytical skills necessary to take leadership and management roles in governments, or organizations abroad, or any organization that delivers services globally.

This concentration strengthens the knowledge and skills of people called upon to work as line managers or administrative support staff in public service or related organizations. 听It draws upon the strengths of the department as a national center for the teaching of public management.

• Human Resources Management Focus
  Successful leaders of public service organizations recognize the importance of managing and motivating their workforces. 听They know that developing human capital is critical for promoting organizational effectiveness. 听This concentration helps students to understand the strategic role of human resources planning, develop skills to prepare employees for change, and improve management and employee relationships.

The State and Local Administration concentration prepares students for the political and administrative intricacies of delivering public services in an increasingly intergovernmental context. Students are encouraged to include at least one relevant policy course and as many budgeting/finance courses as possible.

Program analysts, financial officers, budget officers, and financial analysts are found throughout, and at all levels of government (national, state, and local). 听They administer and design programs, prepare and analyze budget proposals, evaluate programs, forecast revenues, collect taxes, allocate monies, advise legislators, inspect programs, and prepare financial statements. The Public Financial Management concentration helps to prepare students for the many responsibilities involved with the management of public programs, operations and funds.

This concentration aims to equip MPA students with a set of cutting-edge, quantitative skills that can be used to conduct policy-relevant data analysis. Coursework includes training in advanced quantitative methods, program evaluation, and/or cost-benefit analysis. Students who wish to work in roles such as research assistants, research associates, program evaluators, data analysts, or who are considering advanced study in public policy or a similar field, may find this concentration to be of interest.

This concentration combines the management and leadership strengths of the MPA program with policy courses for students interested in general policy or a particular policy area.

• Social Policy Focus
  The social policy focus teaches students how to utilize governmental and nongovernmental tools to address challenges imposed by poverty, hunger, educational deficiencies, unemployment, and discrimination.听
• Health Policy Focus
  This focus allows students to gain an appreciation for the issues confronting policymakers and analysts working on health and related issues in the U.S. and abroad.听
• Environmental Policy Focus
  This focus allows students to gain an appreciation for the issues confronting policymakers and analysts working on environmental issues in the U.S. and abroad.听
• Education Policy Focus
  The education policy focus allows students to gain an appreciation for the issues faced by policymakers and analysts working on education and related issues in the U.S. and abroad. Coursework teaches students how to use relevant tools and techniques from policy analysis and management to address these challenges.

The Applied Politics concentration incorporates two fields offered through the school鈥檚 Department of Government. The first field covers politics, campaign management, and lobbying and serves students aiming to involve themselves as managers in the effort to influence the course of government through the electoral or political process. It draws upon the educational programs offered by the school鈥檚 Campaign Management Institute and Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies. The second field encourages students to think strategically about the challenges confronted by policymakers concerned with women鈥檚 issues. It addresses women, public policy, and political leadership and draws upon course work offered through the school鈥檚 nationally renowned Women & Politics Institute. Students are welcome to choose courses in one field or the other, or from a mix of both areas.听

This concentration enables students to examine the role of race and ethnicity in public policy and administration. Topics of study include: racial disparities in policy making, implementation, public management, and outcomes for citizens at the local, state, and federal levels; diversity and inclusion strategies in policymaking and public administration; and the role of race in key policy areas (including urban, housing, justice, health, and education policy). Several courses also explore race as a social construct and the political, historical, and economic roots of racialization.

This concentration prepares students to understand, analyze, and manage the dynamics of the cyber policies that are critical to effective governance across public agencies, levels of government, and in nonprofit organizations and contracting agencies. 听The concentration courses will include the history, development, and management of U.S. cyber policy, and a range of frameworks that can be used to facilitate and protect the flow of information and communication through sound cyber policies designed to enhance the success of organizations and public services. 听

MPA students may also develop a customized concentration with the approval of their academic advisor. This can be a 鈥渕ixed concentration鈥�, with courses drawn from suggested courses of two or more concentrations listed above, and/or a 鈥渃reate-your-own鈥� concentration, a set of any four elective courses approved by their advisor. Students may self-title their customized concentrations. In addition, by including courses taken through the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area, students may be able to develop a concentration in an area not offered at AU.

Our Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree delves into leadership in public and nonprofit organizations, the organizational environment, and the analysis of public management issues. Our Master of Public Policy (MPP) degree emphasizes evidence-based ideas and approaches and the use of data and research methodologies to find solutions to policy challenges. As an example, the Social Policy focus area in the MPA program and the Social Policy concentration in the MPP program may cover similar topics and may even offer some of the same courses and faculty, but the courses will have different emphases depending on the program you鈥檙e pursuing.